History

The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne crushed hopes of a homeland for Turkey’s Armenian and Kurdish minorities. Today, hostilities remain

The 1943 Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle in history and left a landscape of apocalyptic destruction. It still holds lessons for the war in Ukraine

Researchers have just added another piece to the jigsaw that is a body from the Copper Age

In Gagauzia, a former Soviet splinter caught between Ukraine and the EU, the pull of old bonds and certainties remains strong

A stopgap solution without a peace treaty will only create conditions for future conflict

What I am discovering, in re-reading his novels, is the immense capacity not only of his mind, but of his humanity

The country’s past turmoil can be traced back to the colonial rule that sought to divide and rule citizens of Cyprus

Next year, the quaint town in Saxony-Anhalt will celebrate 30 years of world heritage status. Once you visit, it’s easy to see why

The rise of Sinn Féin in both the north and south brings a border poll closer. But coming together would be painful – and perhaps bloody

The city is celebrating its past and future on Saint Christopher’s day

The author lives on in a Barcelona conference which asks what he would make of the upcoming Spanish election and Franco’s legacy

When the Nazis occupied the Channel Islands, they built a network of forced labour camps. What happened there is still a matter of controversy – and pain

Socrates was poisoned with Hemlock. But did Plato fictionalise the account of his death?

When the head of France’s collaborating Vichy government appeared in court, he remained a mystery for many who were there

One night in 1989, the greatest gymnast in the world tried to escape from communist Romania

Many who work for the EU miss the rigour, clarity and discipline that British Eurocrats brought to the party

The Soviet spy agency took its Cold War tactics from a Chinese military strategist who died in 500 BC. The same ideas are now being used against Ukraine

One of Britain’s leading historians explains how the roots of the decision taken seven years ago were laid decades before that

Europe is once more witness to invasion, destruction and war. Can, or even should, we ever put such horrors behind us?

When the Soviet cosmonaut made her pioneering flight 60 years ago, she was supposed to usher in an era of Soviet “Gagarins in skirts”. What happened?

History never seems to pass in Vienna and this will always be the case

Jutland, at the edge of the EU, has found itself in the centre of the bloc's response to Vladimir Putin's aggression

Understandably, many Jews have reservations abut Poland. Today, baseball is helping change that, one game at a time

The June 1953 uprising by east Germans has become a footnote to history – but not for the few surviving eyewitnesses

We must take a leaf out of Vienna’s book and reckon with the past of the British empire

The fate of Wittenberg’s antisemitic sculpture on the wall of the town church remains in dispute

Russia’s supersonic airliner was a child of the cold war – but a fatal crash 50 years ago ripped through the veneer of Soviet tech superiority

A new exhibition at the Imperial War Museum captures the experience of everyday people who lived through the years of conflict

Does Rome’s first Starbucks threaten Italy’s coffee tradition?

How the KGB took their Cold War tactics from a Chinese military strategist who died 500 years before the birth of Christ - and why they still work

Germany has returned 1,117 looted Benin Bronzes to Nigeria, but who really owns them?

Today, the first world war is far from forgotten in Flanders, and the English are always welcome