History

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Vladimir Putin claimed the city was Russian in 2023, but staking the claim doesn’t make it so

Now formally a woman, Liebich has received an 18-month prison sentence for incitement of hatred and cheering on Russia’s war in Ukraine

Wuppertal, in western Germany, is famous for having the world’s oldest suspension railway – with one very large passenger

O’Connell campaigned against the oppression of not only Catholics, but slaves, European Jews and indeed anyone. Today, Ireland could do with him back

It’s a trivia quiz ‘fact’ that the game began as an anti-capitalist critique.. but the truth is even stranger than that

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Tall and glamorous, Demulder did not seem meant for war zones. And then she made them her life’s work

With more and more people moving to the cities, a shortfall of workers in the countryside means authentic Turkish carpets are a vanishing commodity

When Nazism came to her adopted home of France, the New Zealand journalist became a leading member of the resistance

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When teacher Paz Errázuriz lost her job in Pinochet’s coup, she picked up a camera – and found a new way to resist

On the 80th anniversary of Hiroshima, the world is no closer to containing the spread of nuclear weapons

Beneath the peak of Monte Soratte near Rome is a vast, eerie tunnel complex – an underground graveyard of the German troops who died there

Thirty years on, the genocide is remembered annually, but locals feel forgotten and struggle with ongoing division

The first unmanned flying weapon was launched over a century ago – the full implications of that flight are only now being understood

Without structural support, the country’s living tradition of artisanal goldwork teeters on the edge of extinction

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Seventy-five years ago, western troops went into Korea and the 20th century’s forgotten war began. The brutality and suffering cost five million lives – and achieved almost nothing

The eccentric monarch’s fantastical Bavarian castles, once dismissed as kitsch, have finally gained Unesco World Heritage status

The American philosopher championed ideas that inspired the likes of Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr – as well as the protests of today

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The world of extremism has moved on during the past 100 years – but the core ideas of Hitler’s book have not gone away

Digging into the detail and data to separate the noise from the news

A new book reveals the former Nazis at the heart of Das Kanzleramt, the chancellor’s office, the power hub of the young German democracy

The protest band got an ecstatic welcome in Dresden, the city where a young Vladimir Putin was stationed as KGB officer

A new book of Polish short stories reveals the inventive mischievousness of the nation’s writers

A new series about the Mitford sisters gains extra poignancy in an era when extremist politics again divides families

Like many European countries, Bulgaria is facing divisions about its future

In the age of drone warfare, people in Ukraine are living a higher-tech version of the terror that struck suburban London

Trying to understand one part of European history feels like picking up a thread and realising, gradually, that it leads to an entire quilt

Israel and Iran’s long fixation has reached a tipping point. Will regime change in Tehran follow?